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The Van de Graaff generator was originally developed as a particle acceleratorfor physics research, as its high potential can be used to accelerate subatomic particlesto great speeds in an evacuated tube. It was the most powerful type of accelerator until the cyclotronwas developed in the early 1930s.
The Westinghouse Atom Smasher was intended to make measurements of nuclear reactions for research in nuclear power. [ 8 ] It was the first industrial Van de Graaff generator in the world, [ 9 ] and marked the beginning of nuclear research for civilian applications. [ 10 ][ 11 ] Built in 1937, it was a 65-foot-tall (20 m) pear -shaped tower. [ 9 ...
The high voltage generator is right, the ion source and beam tube is at left. An electrostatic particle accelerator is a particle accelerator in which charged particles are accelerated to a high energy by a static high voltage potential. This contrasts with the other major category of particle accelerator, oscillating field particle ...
A Van de Graaff generator, for classroom demonstrations 12" Quadruple Sector-less Wimshurst Machine (Bonetti Machine). An electrostatic generator, or electrostatic machine, is an electrical generator that produces static electricity, or electricity at high voltage and low continuous current.
Franklin's electrostatic machine is a high-voltage static electricity - generating device used by Benjamin Franklin in the mid-18th century for research into electrical phenomena. Its key components are a glass globe which turned on an axis via a crank, a cloth pad in contact with the spinning globe, a set of metal needles to conduct away the ...
The most common types are the Cockcroft–Walton generator and the Van de Graaff generator. A small-scale example of this class is the cathode-ray tube in an ordinary old television set. The achievable kinetic energy for particles in these devices is determined by the accelerating voltage, which is limited by electrical breakdown.
In 1924, Gustav Ising published the first description of a linear particle accelerator using a series of accelerating gaps. Particles would proceed down a series of tubes. At a regular frequency, an accelerating voltage would be applied across each gap. As the particles gained speed while the frequency remained constant, the gaps would be ...
Lawrence's 60-inch (152 cm) cyclotron, c.1939, showing the beam of accelerated ions (likely protons or deuterons) exiting the machine and ionizing the surrounding air causing a blue glow. A cyclotron is a type of particle accelerator invented by Ernest Lawrence in 1929–1930 at the University of California, Berkeley, [ 1 ][ 2 ] and patented in ...