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The abundance of elements in Earth's crust is shown in tabulated form with the estimated crustal abundance for each chemical element shown as mg/kg, or parts per million (ppm) by mass (10,000 ppm = 1%).
The rare-earth elements (REE), also called the rare-earth metals or rare earths, and sometimes the lanthanides or lanthanoids (although scandium and yttrium, which do not belong to this series, are usually included as rare earths), [1] are a set of 17 nearly indistinguishable lustrous silvery-white soft heavy metals. Compounds containing rare ...
A metal is deemed to be precious if it is rare. The discovery of new sources of ore or improvements in mining or refining processes may cause the value of a precious metal to diminish. The status of a "precious" metal can also be determined by high demand or market value.
This is a list of prices of chemical elements. Listed here are mainly average market prices for bulk trade of commodities. ... the most expensive non-synthetic ...
rare earth elements (lanthanides (La–Lu), Sc, and Y; labeled in blue); major industrial metals (global production >~3×10 7 kg/year; labeled in red); precious metals (labeled in purple); the nine rarest "metals" – the six platinum group elements plus Au, Re, and Te (a metalloid) – in the yellow field. These are rare in the crust from ...
Manufacturers use its alloys with platinum, iridium, and other platinum-group metals to make fountain pen nib tipping, electrical contacts, and in other applications that require extreme durability and hardness. [12] Osmium is among the rarest elements in the Earth's crust, making up only 50 parts per trillion . [13] [14]
Iridium is one of the rarest elements in Earth's crust, with an estimated annual production of only 6,800 kilograms (15,000 lb) in 2023. The dominant uses of iridium are the metal itself and its alloys, as in high-performance spark plugs , crucibles for recrystallization of semiconductors at high temperatures, and electrodes for the production ...
Rhodium is one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crust, comprising an estimated 0.0002 parts per million (2 × 10 −10). [33] Its rarity affects its price and its use in commercial applications. The concentration of rhodium in nickel meteorites is typically 1 part per billion . [ 34 ]