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B.F. Skinner Foundation - promotes the science founded by B. F. Skinner and supports the practices derived from that science. Cambridge Center for Behavioral Studies- an organization that provides research-based information regarding effective treatment for individuals with a diagnosis of autism spectrum; Mark Sundberg; Behavior Analysis Center ...
Social Stories are a concept devised by Carol Gray in 1991 to improve the social skills of people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). [3] The objective is to share information, which is often through a description of the events occurring around the subject and also why. [4] Social stories are used to educate and as praise.
The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) is a behavior rating scale intended to help diagnose autism. CARS was developed by Eric Schopler, Robert J. Reichler, and Barbara Rochen Renner. The scale was designed to help differentiate children with autism from those with other developmental delays, such as intellectual disability.
Unusual responses to sensory stimuli are more common and prominent in children with autism, although there is not good evidence that sensory symptoms differentiate autism from other developmental disorders. [85] Several therapies have been developed to treat sensory processing disorder (SPD). [86]
Autism spectrum disorder [a] (ASD), or simply autism, is a neurodevelopmental disorder "characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts" and "restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities". [11]
Students with EBD are often categorized as "internalizers" (e.g., have poor self-esteem, or are diagnosed with an anxiety disorder or mood disorder) or "externalizers" (e.g., disrupt classroom instruction, or are diagnosed with disruptive behavior disorders such as oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder). Male students may be over ...
Most studies that have investigated the impact of gender on presentation and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder have not differentiated between the impact of sex versus gender. [19] There is some evidence that autistic women and girls tend to show less repetitive behavior and may engage in more camouflaging than autistic males. [20]
Other research on contingency highlights its effect on the development of both pro-social and anti-social behavior. [18] [27] [28] [29] These effects can also be furthered by training parents to become more sensitive to children's behaviors, [30] Meta-analytic research supports the notion that attachment is operant-based learning. [31]