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Chronic wasting disease (CWD), sometimes called zombie deer disease, is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) affecting deer.TSEs are a family of diseases thought to be caused by misfolded proteins called prions and include similar diseases such as BSE (mad cow disease) in cattle, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) in humans, and scrapie in sheep. [2]
So-called “chronic wasting disease” (CWD)—colloquially referred to as “zombie deer disease,” a similar condition that affects cervids like deer, elk, reindeer, and moose—has been ...
EHD has been found in some domestic ruminants and many species of deer including white-tailed deer, mule deer, elk, and pronghorn antelope. [4] Seropositive black-tailed deer , fallow deer , red deer , wapiti , and roe deer have also been found, which essentially means that they were exposed to the disease at some time in the past but may not ...
White-tailed deer are the normal host of the P. tenuis parasite and are immunologically adapted to its presence. Deer and P. tenuis have coadapted in an evolutionary arms race over time. Deer remain largely unaffected by the presence of P. tenuis because of the immunity they have built as a result of coadaptation.
A member of this family is called a deer or a cervid. They are widespread throughout North and South America, Europe, and Asia, and are found in a wide variety of biomes . Cervids range in size from the 60 cm (24 in) long and 32 cm (13 in) tall pudú to the 3.4 m (11.2 ft) long and 3.4 m (11.2 ft) tall moose .
Adult flukes occur in the liver of the definitive host and feed on blood. Mature flukes measure 4 to 10 centimetres ( 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 to 4 in) in length × 2 to 3.5 centimetres ( 3 ⁄ 4 to 1 + 3 ⁄ 8 in) in width, and have an oval dorso-ventrally flattened body with oral and ventral sucker .
There are two subspecies: the Chinese water deer (H. i. inermis) and the Korean water deer (H. i. argyropus).The water deer is superficially more similar to a musk deer than a true deer; despite anatomical peculiarities, including a pair of prominent tusks (downward-pointing canine teeth) and its lack of antlers, it is classified as a cervid.
The fibromas are most often caused by host-specific papillomaviruses.They may also be due to host-specific poxviruses. [1] [4]The transmission of cutaneous fibromas in the white-tailed deer is caused by a virus that is thought to be transmitted through a variety of insect bites or by a deer coming in contact with any contaminated object that scratches or penetrates the skin of the deer or ...