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The Twelve Ornaments (Chinese: 十二章; pinyin: Shí'èr zhāng) are a group of ancient Chinese symbols and designs that are considered highly auspicious. They were employed in the decoration of textile fabrics in ancient China, which signified authority and power, and were embroidered on vestments of state.
There are also special symbols in Chinese arts, such as the qilin, and the Chinese dragon. [1] According to Chinese beliefs, being surrounding by objects which are decorated with such auspicious symbols and motifs was and continues to be believed to increase the likelihood that those wishes would be fulfilled even in present-day. [2]
A mianguan in the Ding Ling Tomb Museum within the Ming Tombs. The mianguan (Chinese: 冕冠; pinyin: miǎnguān; lit. 'ceremonial headdress'), also called benkan in Japan, myeonlyugwan in Korea, and Miện quan in Vietnam, is a type of crown traditionally worn by the emperors of China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam, as well as other kings in the East Asia.
King Yi: Wáng Jīng (王京) King Xiao: Wáng Jí (王姞) King Yi: Shēn Jiāng (王姞) King Li: Queen Jiang: 827 BC 782 BC King Xuan: Queen Shēn (申后) 782 BC 772 BC King You: Bao Si (褒姒) 779 BC 771 BC Jì Jì Jiāng (紀季姜) King Huan: Chén Guī (陈妫) King Hui: Queen Dí (翟后) King Xiang: Qí Jiāng (周灵王) King Ling ...
Tackett, Nicolas. "Violence and the 1 Percent: The Fall of the Medieval Chinese Aristocracy in Comparison to the Fall of the French Nobility." American Historical Review 124.3 (2019): 933–937. Tackett, Nicolas. The Origins of the Chinese Nation: Song China and the Forging of an East Asian World Order (Cambridge University Press, 2017)
Under the Zhou, the ding and the privilege to perform the associated rituals became symbols of authority. [3] The number of permitted ding varied according to one's rank in the Chinese nobility: the Nine Ding of the Zhou kings were a symbol of their rule over all China but were lost by the first emperor, Shi Huangdi in the late 3rd century BCE. [4]
King Ling of Chu (r. 540–529 BCE) later again inquired of the cauldrons but was unsuccessful due to unrest sweeping the country [11] During the reign of King Huiwen of Qin (r. 338–311 BCE), the strategist Zhang Yi formulated a plan by which he hoped to seize the Nine Tripod Cauldrons and thus gain command of the other Zhou vassal states. [12]
The He zun (Chinese: 何尊) is an ancient Chinese ritual bronze vessel of the zun shape. [2] It dates from the era of Western Zhou (1046–771 BC), [3] specifically the early years of the dynasty, [4] and is famous as the oldest artifact with the written characters meaning "Middle Kingdom" or "Central State" — 中國: "China" — in a bronze inscription on the container. [5]