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Photochromism is the reversible change of color upon exposure to light. It is a transformation of a chemical species ( photoswitch ) between two forms by the absorption of electromagnetic radiation ( photoisomerization ), where the two forms have different absorption spectra.
A photochromic eyeglass lens, part of the lens darkened after exposure to sunlight while the other part remained covered. A photochromic lens is an optical lens that darkens on exposure to light of sufficiently high frequency, most commonly ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
The Helmholtz reciprocity principle describes how a ray of light and its reverse ray encounter matched optical adventures, such as reflections, refractions, and absorptions in a passive medium, or at an interface.
The component S1 of the system, situated between the aperture stop and the object O, projects an image of the diaphragm, termed by Abbe the entrance pupil; the exit pupil is the image formed by the component S2, which is placed behind the aperture stop. All rays which issue from O and pass through the aperture stop also pass through the ...
The glass–liquid transition, or glass transition, is the gradual and reversible transition in amorphous materials (or in amorphous regions within semicrystalline materials) from a hard and relatively brittle "glassy" state into a viscous or rubbery state as the temperature is increased. [2]
Polarized sunglasses use a sheet of polarizing material to block horizontally-polarized light and thus reduce glare in such situations. These are most effective with smooth surfaces where specular reflection (thus from light whose angle of incidence is the same as the angle of reflection defined by the angle observed from) is dominant, but even ...
Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. [1]
A woman wears sunglasses featuring a highly reflective optical coating Diagram of a dielectric mirror. Thin layers with a high refractive index n 1 are interleaved with thicker layers with a lower refractive index n 2. The path lengths l A and l B differ by exactly one wavelength, which leads to constructive interference.