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The Brinell hardness is designated by the most commonly used test standards (ASTM E10-14 [2] and ISO 6506–1:2005) as HBW (H from hardness, B from brinell and W from the material of the indenter, tungsten (wolfram) carbide). In former standards HB or HBS were used to refer to measurements made with steel indenters.
A variety of hardness-testing methods are available, including the Vickers, Brinell, Rockwell, Meyer and Leeb tests. Although it is impossible in many cases to give an exact conversion, it is possible to give an approximate material-specific comparison table for steels.
Brinell hardness test (HB) BHN and HBW are widely used [7] Knoop hardness test (HK), for measurement over small areas, widely used to test glass or ceramic material. [8] Janka hardness test, for wood; Meyer hardness test; Rockwell hardness test (HR), principally used in the USA. HRA, HRB and HRC scales are most widely used.
The basic test requires applying the force in a consistent manner, without shock, and measuring the hardness (depth of the indentation). If a timed hardness is desired, force is applied for the required time and then read. The material under test should be a minimum of 6 mm (0.25 inches) thick. [3]
Although hardness is defined in a similar way for most types of test – usually as the load divided by the contact area – the numbers obtained for a particular material are different for different types of test, and even for the same test with different applied loads.
The Rockwell test does not use any optical equipment to measure the hardness indention, rather all calculations are done within the machine to measure the indention in the specimen. [ 13 ] The equation for Rockwell hardness is H R = N − h ∗ d {\displaystyle HR=N-h*d} , where d is the depth in mm (from the zero load point), and N and h are ...
The hardness of abrasion resistant steel is determined by a Brinell hardness test. This test uses a small steel ball to inflict force on a material. The indentation created by the steel ball is then measured and used to calculate Brinell hardness number (BHN).
Meyer's law is an empirical relation between the size of a hardness test indentation and the load required to leave the indentation. [1] The formula was devised by Eugene Meyer of the Materials Testing Laboratory at the Imperial School of Technology, Charlottenburg, Germany, circa 1908.
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