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Pelvic inflammatory disease is more likely to reoccur when there is a prior history of the infection, recent sexual contact, recent onset of menses, or an IUD (intrauterine device) in place or if the partner has a sexually transmitted infection. [27]
A sexually transmitted infection (STI), also referred to as a sexually transmitted disease (STD) and the older term venereal disease (VD), is an infection that is spread by sexual activity, especially vaginal intercourse, anal sex, oral sex, or sometimes manual sex.
The infection can spread to the upper genital tract in women, causing pelvic inflammatory disease, which may result in future infertility or ectopic pregnancy. [2] Chlamydia infections can occur in other areas besides the genitals, including the anus, eyes, throat, and lymph nodes.
Complications in females include pelvic inflammatory disease and in males include inflammation of the epididymis. [1] Many of those infected, however, have no symptoms. [1] If untreated, gonorrhea can spread to joints or heart valves. [1] [2] Gonorrhea affects about 0.8% of women and 0.6% of men. [6] An estimated 33 to 106 million new cases ...
Chlamydia trachomatis (/ k l ə ˈ m ɪ d i ə t r ə ˈ k oʊ m ə t ɪ s /) is a Gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium responsible for chlamydia and trachoma. C. trachomatis exists in two forms, an extracellular infectious elementary body (EB) and an intracellular non-infectious reticulate body (RB). [2]
Reproductive tract infection (RTI) are infections that affect the reproductive tract, which is part of the reproductive system.For females, reproductive tract infections can affect the upper reproductive tract (fallopian tubes, ovary and uterus) and the lower reproductive tract (vagina, cervix and vulva); for males these infections affect the penis, testicles, urethra or the vas deferens.
Approximately one in fourteen untreated Chlamydia infections will result in salpingitis. [5]Over one million cases of acute salpingitis are reported every year in the US, but the number of incidents is probably larger, due to incomplete and untimely reporting methods and that many cases are reported first when the illness has gone so far that it has developed chronic complications.
Mycoplasma hominis is associated with pelvic inflammatory disease [3] [4] and bacterial vaginosis. [5] It is also associated with male infertility. [6] This species causes a sexually transmitted infection. [7] It is susceptible to the antibiotic clindamycin. [8]