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Jainism (/ˈdʒeɪnɪzəm/), traditionally known as Jain Dharma, is an ancient Indian religion. Jain dharma traces its spiritual ideas and history through a succession of twenty-four leaders or tirthankaras, with the first in current time cycle being Lord Rishabhanatha, whom the Jain tradition holds to have lived millions of years ago, the twenty-third tirthankara Parshvanatha whom historians ...
Hinduism – predominant and indigenous religious tradition of the Indian Subcontinent. [1] Its followers are called Hindus , who refer to it as Sanātana Dharma [ 2 ] ( Sanskrit : सनातनधर्मः , lit.
The name Angirasas is applied generically to several Puranic individuals. Further, the Vedic sage Angiras appears in medieval Hindu texts with contradictory roles as well as many different versions of his birth, marriage and biography. [2] In some, he is described to be the son of Brahma, in others he is one of many Prajapatis.
She is the Hindu goddess of knowledge, learning and creative arts; [45] her name is a compound word of sara [46] and sva, [47] meaning "essence of self". After the prayer verses, the Upanishad inquires about the secret to freedom and liberation (mukti).
Other definitions include: 'opposite of nāstika' (nāstika bhinna); 'he whose idea is that Īśvara exists' (īśvara asti iti vādī); and 'he who considers the Vedas as authorities' (vedaprāmāṇyavādī). As used in Hindu philosophy, the differentiation between āstika and nāstika does not refer to theism or atheism. [5]
In Hinduism, parikrama of religious deities in a temple, sacred rivers, sacred hills and a close cluster of temples as a symbol of prayer is an integral part of Hindu worship. [3] [6] [7] Hindu temple architecture include various Pradakshina paths. [8]
According to Suresvara, Nididhyasana is the culmination of the practice of sravana and manana, which is an indirect intuition of Brahman and does not mean meditation but knowledge i.e. understanding the meaning of the Sruti on the basis of vacya-vacaka relation underlying the mahavakya. Suresvara states:-