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In probability theory and statistics, the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution [2] is a family of continuous probability distributions developed within extreme value theory to combine the Gumbel, Fréchet and Weibull families also known as type I, II and III extreme value distributions. By the extreme value theorem the GEV distribution ...
The extreme value theorem was originally proven by Bernard Bolzano in the 1830s in a work Function Theory but the work remained unpublished until 1930. Bolzano's proof consisted of showing that a continuous function on a closed interval was bounded, and then showing that the function attained a maximum and a minimum value.
The Gumbel distribution is a particular case of the generalized extreme value distribution (also known as the Fisher–Tippett distribution). It is also known as the log- Weibull distribution and the double exponential distribution (a term that is alternatively sometimes used to refer to the Laplace distribution ).
Extreme value theory or extreme value analysis (EVA) is the study of extremes in statistical distributions. It is widely used in many disciplines, such as structural engineering , finance , economics , earth sciences , traffic prediction, and geological engineering .
Values of correspond to the extreme data for which at least one component is large while approximately 1 or 0 corresponds to only one component being extreme. In Economics it is used to model the idiosyncratic component of preferences of individuals for different products ( Industrial Organization ), locations ( Urban Economics ), or firms ...
The Fisher–Tippett–Gnedenko theorem is a statement about the convergence of the limiting distribution , above. The study of conditions for convergence of to particular cases of the generalized extreme value distribution began with Mises (1936) [3] [5] [4] and was further developed by Gnedenko (1943).
This is generally done to obtain a more robust statistic, and the extreme values are considered outliers. [1] Trimmed estimators also often have higher efficiency for mixture distributions , and heavy-tailed distributions than the corresponding untrimmed estimator, at the cost of lower efficiency for other distributions, such as the normal ...
The sample maximum and minimum are the least robust statistics: they are maximally sensitive to outliers.. This can either be an advantage or a drawback: if extreme values are real (not measurement errors), and of real consequence, as in applications of extreme value theory such as building dikes or financial loss, then outliers (as reflected in sample extrema) are important.