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Top surgery refers to the surgical procedures on the breasts: Mammaplasty. Breast augmentation surgery; Breast reduction surgery; Mastectomy; Gender-affirming surgery. Gender-affirming surgery (female-to-male), may include bilateral mastectomy and chest reconstruction; Gender-affirming surgery (male-to-female), may include breast augmentation
The CPT code revisions in 2013 were part of a periodic five-year review of codes. Some psychotherapy codes changed numbers, for example 90806 changed to 90834 for individual psychotherapy of a similar duration. Add-on codes were created for the complexity of communication about procedures.
The procedure can help transgender men transition physically to their self-affirmed gender. Surgeries for female-to-male transgender patients have similarities to both gynecomastia surgeries for cisgender men, [ 2 ] breast reduction surgery for gigantomastia , and the separate mastectomies done for breast cancer. [ 3 ]
Mastectomy has non-cancer medical uses as well, including cosmetic or reconstructive surgery. [12] Men with gynecomastia may be eligible for mastectomy, but minimally invasive surgical techniques also exist. [13] [14] Transgender men and non-binary people assigned female at birth may undergo a mastectomy as a gender-affirming surgery. [6] [7] [8]
Gender-affirming surgery can also refer to operations pursued by cisgender people, such as mammaplasty, penile implant, or testicular implants following orchiectomy. [11] Gender-affirming surgery is often sensationalized and misrepresented by anti-trans activists through terms such as genital-mutilation surgery. [12] [13] [14]
Sex reassignment surgery is usually preceded by beginning feminizing hormone therapy. Some surgeries can reduce the need for hormone therapy. [2] [3] [4] Gender-affirming surgeries for transgender women have taken place since the 16th century, though they became more notable in the 20th century. [5]
The text, published by the Vatican doctrine office on Monday, states that attempts to obscure “the sexual difference between man and woman,” including gender-affirming surgery, should be rejected.
The Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People (SOC) is an international clinical protocol by the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) outlining the recommended assessment and treatment for transgender and gender-diverse individuals across the lifespan including social, hormonal, or surgical transition. [1]