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  2. Mindset - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindset

    A well-known example of a contrasting mindset is fixed versus growth. A mindset refers to an established set of attitudes of a person or group concerning culture, values, philosophy, frame of reference, outlook, or disposition. [1] [2] It may also arise from a person's worldview or beliefs about the meaning of life. [3]

  3. Carol Dweck - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_Dweck

    Dweck has described fixed-mindset individuals as dreading failure because it is a negative statement on their basic abilities, while growth mindset individuals don't mind or fear failure as much because they realize their performance can be improved and learning comes from failure. [14]

  4. Initial Teaching Alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_Teaching_Alphabet

    Where capital letters are used in standard spelling, the I.T.A. simply used larger versions of the same lower-case characters. The following chart shows the letters of the 44-character version of the I.T.A., with the main pronunciation of each letter indicated by symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet beneath: Basic ITA chart

  5. Instructional theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instructional_theory

    Originating in the United States in the late 1970s, instructional theory is influenced by three basic theories in educational thought: behaviorism, the theory that helps us understand how people conform to predetermined standards; cognitivism, the theory that learning occurs through mental associations; and constructivism, the theory explores the value of human activity as a critical function ...

  6. Educational assessment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_assessment

    The IQ test is the best-known example of norm-referenced assessment. Many entrance tests (to prestigious schools or universities) are norm-referenced, permitting a fixed proportion of students to pass ("passing" in this context means being accepted into the school or university rather than an explicit level of ability).

  7. SMART criteria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART_criteria

    S.M.A.R.T. (or SMART) is an acronym used as a mnemonic device to establish criteria for effective goal-setting and objective development. This framework is commonly applied in various fields, including project management, employee performance management, and personal development.

  8. The Scout Mindset - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Scout_Mindset

    The scout mindset emphasizes curiosity, unbiased truth-seeking, [4] and facing reality, even if that reality is unexpected. [5] [6] Galef contrasts this with a "soldier mindset", which she says is a natural tendency to use motivated reasoning to defend one's existing beliefs instead of being open to changing them. [7]

  9. Humanistic education - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_education

    [1] [2] Rogers is regarded as the founder of humanistic psychology [3] and devoted much of his efforts toward applying the results of his psychological research to person-centered teaching where empathy, caring about students, and genuineness on the part of the learning facilitator were found to be the key traits of the most effective teachers ...