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An anthracite pile in Trevorton, Pennsylvania. Anthracite derives from the Greek anthrakítēs (ἀνθρακίτης), literally "coal-like". [9] Other terms which refer to anthracite are black coal, hard coal, stone coal, [10] [11] dark coal, coffee coal, blind coal (in Scotland), [7] Kilkenny coal (in Ireland), [10] crow coal or craw coal, and black diamond.
Anthracite coal was first found in 1762, and then was used for the first time around 1769 by Obadiah Gore and his brother in their blacksmith shop in Wilkes-Barre. However, coal usage was generally restricted to local consumption need until the industry began to expand at the turn of the 19th century. [14]
English: Title: Coal mining in Anthracite Region, Pennsylvania Subjects: Industrial facilities Places: Pennsylvania > Luzerne (county) > Wilkes-Barre Notes: Title from item. Extent: 1 print (postcard) : linen texture, color ; 3 1/2 x 5 1/2 in. Accession #: 06_10_018566
In 1810, 176,000 short tons of bituminous coal, and 2,000 tons of anthracite coal, were mined in the United States. American coal mining grew rapidly in the early 1820s, doubling or tripling every decade. Anthracite mining overtook bituminous coal mining in the 1840s; from 1843 through 1868, more anthracite was mined than bituminous coal.
NMMR's oldest mine: 1792 anthracite coal, "Old Mine." One of NMMR's oldest mine maps: 1859 anthracite coal map from Hazleton Coal Co. The NMMR contains digital and microfilm maps of surface and underground coal, metal, and non-metal mines throughout the United States. Some of the information that can be obtained from the repository includes:
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Several violent incidents in the history of the U.S. labor movement occurred within the coal region, which was the home of the Molly Maguires and the location of the Lattimer Massacre. [ 6 ] Tours of underground mines can be taken in Ashland , Scranton , and Lansford , each of which have museums dedicated to the region's historic anthracite ...
Much of the history of the Western Middle Anthracite Field aligns with much of the other significant events in the Coal Region in Pennsylvania. Yet, the region is specifically famous for housing the town of Shenandoah, Pennsylvania, the famous hotbed of unionization in the coaling industry and of the Molly Maguires in the 1870s.