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The streets in London were dark and had a shortage of good quality artificial light. [1] It had been recognized for centuries that the coming of darkness to the unlit streets of a town brought a heightened threat of danger, and that the night provided cover to the disorderly and immoral, and to those bent on robbery or burglary or who in other ways threatened physical harm to people in the ...
Nightwalker statutes were English statutes, before modern policing, allowing or requiring night watchmen to arrest those found on the streets after sunset and hold them until morning. [1]
A night-watchman state, also referred to as a minimal state or minarchy, whose proponents are known as minarchists, is a model of a state that is limited and minimal, whose functions depend on libertarian theory.
Watchman (law enforcement), a member of a group who provided law enforcement; Picket (military), a person on watch for enemy action; Lookout, a sailor responsible for watchkeeping aboard ship; Security guard, a person who watches over and protects property, assets, or peoples
[1] The definition has three components: Extralegal: Vigilantism is done outside of the law (not necessarily in violation of the law) Prevention, investigation, or punishment: Vigilantism requires specific actions, not just attitudes or beliefs; Offense: Vigilantism is a response to a perceived crime or violation of an authoritative norm
The nighttime shift worked by a security guard (night watchman) Watchman (law enforcement), organized groups of men to deter criminal activity and provide law enforcement; One of the watches stood by sailors who are watchkeeping
These multi-year periods are commonly identified in American history. The existence and dating of some of these periods is debated by historians. Plantation era ( c. 1700 – c. 1860 )
In Cities in American History, eds. Kenneth T. Jackson and Stanley K. Schultz (1972) pp: 3-13. Richardson, James F. The New York Police, Colonial Times to 1901 (Oxford University Press, 1970) Thale, Christopher. "The Informal World of Police Patrol: New York City in the Early Twentieth Century," Journal of Urban History (2007) 33#2 pp 183–216.