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Ineffective erythropoiesis: Ineffective erythropoiesis is an anemia caused by the premature apoptosis of the body's mature red blood cells [49] and subsequent reduction in an adequate production and full maturation of new healthy red blood cells. [50] Macrocytic anemia: Megaloblastic anemia: D51.1, D52.0, D53.1: 29507
Ineffective erythropoiesis is defined by the expansion of early-stage erythroid precursors driven by erythropoietin, accompanied by the apoptosis of late-stage precursors. . This mechanism is principally responsible for the anemia seen in acquired conditions such as certain subtypes of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and inherited disorders such as β-thalassemia, inherited sideroblastic ...
Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) is a rare blood disorder, similar to the thalassemias.CDA is one of many types of anemia, characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis, and resulting from a decrease in the number of red blood cells (RBCs) in the body and a less than normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood. [2]
CDA is one of many types of anemia, characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis, and resulting from a decrease in the number of red blood cells (RBCs) in the body and a less than normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood. [21] The symptoms and signs of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia are consistent fatigue, weakness, and pale skin. [21]
The imbalance of alpha to beta globin chains leads to ineffective erythropoiesis, increased hemolysis, and deranged iron homeostasis. [7] Patients may require repeated blood transfusions throughout life to maintain sufficient hemoglobin levels. Consequently, patients may also develop severe problems associated with iron overload. [4]
Erythropoiesis (from Greek 'erythro' meaning "red" and 'poiesis' "to make") is the process which produces red blood cells (erythrocytes), which is the development from erythropoietic stem cell to mature red blood cell.
In thalassemia, ineffective erythropoiesis causes the bone marrow to expand. This expansion is a compensatory response to the damage caused to red blood cells by the imbalanced production of globin chains. [28] Bone marrow expansion can lead to abnormal bone structure, particularly in the skull and face.
Polycythemia is defined as serum hematocrit (Hct) or hemoglobin (HgB) exceeding normal ranges expected for age and sex, typically Hct >49% in healthy adult men and >48% in women, or HgB >16.5 g/dL in men or >16.0 g/dL in women. [8]