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An arterial blood gas (ABG) test, or arterial blood gas analysis (ABGA) measures the amounts of arterial gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide. An ABG test requires that a small volume of blood be drawn from the radial artery with a syringe and a thin needle , [ 1 ] but sometimes the femoral artery in the groin or another site is used.
AL amyloidosis may also cause nerve damage which may present as pain, discomfort or loss of sensation in the extremities in instances of peripheral neuropathy or gastrointestinal motility disorders, difficulties regulating blood pressure with changes in position or neurogenic bladder in instances of dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. [4]
Kidney disease usually causes a loss of kidney function to some degree and can result in kidney failure, the complete loss of kidney function. Kidney failure is known as the end-stage of kidney disease, where dialysis or a kidney transplant is the only treatment option. Chronic kidney disease causes the gradual loss of kidney function over time.
Acid–base imbalance is an abnormality of the human body's normal balance of acids and bases that causes the plasma pH to deviate out of the normal range (7.35 to 7.45). In the fetus, the normal range differs based on which umbilical vessel is sampled (umbilical vein pH is normally 7.25 to 7.45; umbilical artery pH is normally 7.18 to 7.38). [1]
Interstitial cystitis (IC)/ bladder pain syndrome (BPS) is associated with chronic pelvic pain, pressure and discomfort within the urinary system. [16] In 1987, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) developed diagnostic criteria for IC which included the presence of glomerulations or petechial hemorrhages ...
An abdominal examination is a portion of the physical examination which a physician or nurse uses to clinically observe the abdomen of a patient for signs of disease. The abdominal examination is conventionally split into four different stages: first, inspection of the patient and the visible characteristics of their abdomen.
In 2021, a systematic review of women with chronic pelvic pain found the direct yearly cost burden, accounting for health care, prescription, physical therapy, and indirect costs to range from ...
Blockage of urine flow in an area below the kidneys results in postrenal azotemia. It can be caused by congenital abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux, blockage of the ureters by kidney stones, pregnancy, compression of the ureters by cancer, prostatic hyperplasia, or blockage of the urethra by kidney or bladder stones. [1]