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The Fatimid dynasty (Arabic: الفاطميون, romanized: al-Fāṭimiyyūn) was an Arab dynasty that ruled the Fatimid Caliphate, between 909 and 1171 CE. Descended from Fatima and Ali, and adhering to Isma'ili Shi'ism, they held the Isma'ili imamate, and were regarded as the rightful leaders of the Muslim community.
The Fatimid dynasty claimed descent from Fatimah, the daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.The dynasty legitimized its claim through descent from Muhammad by way of his daughter and her husband Ali, the first Shī'a Imām, hence the dynasty's name, fāṭimiyy (Arabic: فَاطِمِيّ), the Arabic relative adjective for "Fāṭima".
The Fatimid dynasty came to power in Ifriqiya (modern Tunisia and northeastern Algeria) in 909.The Fatimids had fled their home in Syria a few years before, and made for the Maghreb, where their agents had made considerable headway in converting the Kutama Berbers to the Fatimid-sponsored Isma'ili branch of Shi'a Islam.
The Fatimid Caliphate (/ ˈ f æ t ɪ m ɪ d /; Arabic: ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْفَاطِمِيَّة, romanized: al-Khilāfa al-Fāṭimiyya), also known as the Fatimid Empire, was a caliphate extant from the tenth to the twelfth centuries CE under the rule of the Fatimids, an Isma'ili Shia dynasty.
The longest-reigning Fatimid caliph, his reign saw increasing political instability and the near collapse of the dynasty at the hands of the Sunni warlord Nasir al-Dawla ibn Hamdan. The Armenian general Badr al-Jamali restored order and saved the dynasty, but installed himself as a virtual military dictator (" vizier of the sword") independent ...
1148: End of the Zirid dynasty rule' in North Africa. Siege of Damascus repulsed, thus effectively winning the Second Crusade. 1149: Death of the Fatimid Caliph al-Hafiz, accession of Az-Zafir. 1152: Death of the Seljuk Sultan Mas'ud of Great Seljuk, accession of Malik Shah III. Hamadid rule extinguished in North Africa.
The Fatimid dynasty came to power in Ifriqiya in 909, when they overthrew the reigning Aghlabids with the support of the Kutama tribe. In contrast to their predecessors, who were content to remain a regional dynasty on the western fringes of the Abbasid Caliphate, the Fatimids held ecumenical pretensions.
The 10th century was the period from 901 (represented by the Roman numerals CMI) through 1000 (M) in accordance with the Julian calendar, and the last century of the 1st millennium. In China, the Song dynasty was established, with most of China reuniting after the fall of the Tang dynasty and the following Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.