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Caffeine Properties Chemical formula. C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2: Molar mass: 194.194 g·mol −1 Appearance Odorless, white needles or powder Density: ... 192 mg/kg (rat, oral ...
DMPX (3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine) is a caffeine analog which displays affinity to A 2 adenosine receptors, in contrast to the A 1 subtype receptors. [1] DMPX had 28× and 15× higher potency than caffeine in blocking peripheral and central NECA-responses. The locomotor stimulation caused by DMPX (ED 50 10 μmol/kg) was similarly higher ...
Plasma caffeine levels are usually in the range of 2–10 mg/L in coffee drinkers, 12–36 mg/L in neonates receiving treatment for apnea, and 40–400 mg/L in victims of acute overdosage. Urinary caffeine concentration is frequently measured in competitive sports programs, for which a level in excess of 15 mg/L is usually considered to ...
Caffeine citrate, sold under the brand name Cafcit among others, is a medication used to treat a lack of breathing in premature babies. [5] Specifically it is given to babies who are born at less than 35 weeks or weigh less than 2 kilograms (4.4 lb) once other causes are ruled out. [ 6 ]
There is no standard value for "a cup of coffee." The caffeine content of cola drinks and most energy drinks can be difficult to determine, because in many cases the labels do not indicate the dose per serving. Caffeine doses in these beverages range from 20 to 30 mg in some soft drinks, up to 350 mg or more in some energy drinks.
Caffeine dependence can cause a host of physiological effects if caffeine consumption is not maintained. Commonly known caffeine withdrawal symptoms include headaches, fatigue, loss of focus, lack of motivation, mood swings, nausea, insomnia, dizziness, cardiac issues, hypertension, anxiety, and backache and joint pain; these can range in severity from mild to severe. [18]
Average caffeine levels are: Brewed coffee- 100 mg/6 oz serving; Instant coffee- 65 mg; Tea- 40 mg; Soda- 35 mg; Chocolate- 5 mg; A majority of the population ingests roughly 210 mg of caffeine every day, while people who have higher tolerances/consume more excessive amounts ingest more than 500 mg of caffeine daily.
Murexide test is a color test for uric acid and some other purines. The (solid) sample is first treated with small volume of a concentrated acid such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, which is slowly evaporated away; subsequent addition of ammonia (NH 3) gives a purple color if uric acid was present, due to formation of murexide, or a yellow color that turns to red on heating if xanthine or ...