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Ecological studies should include as many known risk-modifying factors for any outcome as possible, adding others if warranted. Then the results should be evaluated by other methods, using, for example, Hill's criteria for causality in a biological system. [citation needed]
The Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network consists of a group of over 1800 scientists and students studying ecological processes over extended temporal and spatial scales. Twenty-eight LTER sites cover a diverse set of ecosystems. It is part of the International Long Term Ecological Research Network (ILTER). [1]
Data collected from these experiments is used to draw conclusions about ecological processes, patterns, and underlying mechanisms. Experimental ecology is a new methodology in ecological research, formalized by Henrik Lundegårdh [1] in his 1925 book, Klima und Boden. As stated above, Experimental ecology is a branch of ecology that focuses on ...
There are also practical applications in the field of biogeography concerning ecological systems and processes. For example, the range and distribution of biodiversity and invasive species responding to climate change is a serious concern and active area of research in the context of global warming. [151] [152]
Virginia Coast Reserve Long-Term Ecological Research; W. Water quality modelling; Wild Field (wilderness reserve) Wolves and moose on Isle Royale; Y. Yuegong-1
Research in this field is on traits of ecological significance—traits that affect an organism's fitness, or its ability to survive and reproduce. [1] Examples of such traits include flowering time, drought tolerance, polymorphism, mimicry, and avoidance of attacks by predators. [2] [citation needed]
Recently, due to advances in the fields of genetics and molecular biology, research and education in ecology and evolutionary biology has integrated many molecular techniques. A program that focuses on the relationships and interactions that range across levels of biological organization based on a scientific study is Ecology and Evolutionary ...
Ecosystem services are ecologically mediated functional processes essential to sustaining healthy human societies. [6] Water provision and filtration, production of biomass in forestry, agriculture, and fisheries, and removal of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO 2) from the atmosphere are examples of ecosystem services essential to public health and economic opportunity.