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Canadian Confederation (French: Confédération canadienne) was the process by which three British North American provinces—the Province of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick—were united into one federation, called the Dominion of Canada, on July 1, 1867.
The Constitution Act, 1867 (French: Loi constitutionnelle de 1867), [1] originally enacted as the British North America Act, 1867 (BNA Act), is a major part of the Constitution of Canada. The act created a federal dominion and defines much of the operation of the Government of Canada , including its federal structure , the House of Commons ...
The Canadian government under Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent also dropped the use of the term "Dominion" and began to use "Canada" as the sole name of the country, and "federal government" instead of "Dominion government". Some commentators, such as Eugene Forsey, argued that the formal name of the country remains "Dominion of Canada". [28]
As a result, Lower Canada and Upper Canada, with its enormous debt, were united in 1840, and French was banned in the legislature for about eight years. Eight years later, an elected and responsible government was granted. By this time, the French-speaking majority of Lower Canada had become a political minority in a unified Canada.
Canada's constitution has roots going back to the thirteenth century, including England's Magna Carta and the first English Parliament of 1275. [19] Canada's constitution is composed of several individual statutes. There are three general methods by which a statute becomes entrenched in the Constitution:
The British North America Acts, 1867–1975, are a series of acts of Parliament that were at the core of the Constitution of Canada. Most were enacted by the Parliament of the United Kingdom and some by the Parliament of Canada. Some of the acts were repealed in Canada by the Constitution Act, 1982. The rest were renamed the Constitution Acts ...
The Constitution Act, 1982, via the Canada Act 1982, made Canada completely independent of the United Kingdom, removing the requirement to involve the British parliament in amending the Canadian constitution. October 12, 1984 The International Court of Justice decided the maritime border with the United States in the Gulf of Maine. [60]
The Resolutions became the basis for the London Conference of 1866, which led to the formation of the Dominion of Canada on July 1, 1867. [125] The term dominion was chosen to indicate Canada's status as a self-governing polity of the British Empire, the first time it was used about a country. [126]