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Xestospongia testudinaria is a species of barrel sponge in the family Petrosiidae. More commonly known as Giant Barrel Sponges, they have the basic structure of a typical sponge. Their body is made of a reticulation of cells aggregate on a siliceous scaffold composed of small spikes called spicules.
The giant barrel sponge (Xestospongia muta) is the largest species of sponge found growing on Caribbean coral reefs. It is common at depths greater than 10 metres (33 ft) down to 120 metres (390 ft) and can reach a diameter of 1.8 metres (6 feet).
Xestospongia bergquistia is a species of barrel sponge in the family Petrosiidae first described by Jane Fromont in 1991. [1] [2] The species epithet, bergquistia, honours the New Zealand sponge specialist, Patricia Bergquist. [2]
The term sponge derives from the Ancient Greek word σπόγγος spóngos. [9] The scientific name Porifera is a neuter plural of the Modern Latin term porifer, which comes from the roots porus meaning "pore, opening", and -fer meaning "bearing or carrying".
Pawlik behind a Caribbean giant barrel sponge, Xestospongia muta, on which his research group has published extensively. Pawlik is a proponent of critical rationalism for the advancement of science; he discusses the concept in the courses he teaches [ 23 ] and has openly challenged the conclusions of other studies throughout his career.
If temperature-tracking sea sponges are to be trusted, climate change has progressed much further than scientists have estimated. A new study that uses ocean organisms called sclerosponges to ...
About 311 million years ago, in the Late Carboniferous, the order Spongillida split from the marine sponges, and is the only sponges to live in freshwater environments. [8] Some species are brightly colored, with great variety in body shape; the largest species are over 1 m (3.3 ft) across. [ 6 ]
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