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Nocturia is the need of frequent urination at night. [1] The most common cause of this condition for women and children is a urinary tract infection. The most common cause of urinary frequency in older men is an enlarged prostate. [2] Frequent urination is strongly associated with frequent incidents of urinary urgency, which is the sudden need ...
[13] The definition does not address the immediacy of the urge to void and has been criticized as subjective. [13] Urinary frequency is considered abnormal if the person urinates more than eight times in a day. This frequency is usually monitored by having the person keep a voiding diary where they record urination episodes. [1]
[39] [40] Because of the formaldehyde exposure with methenamine, there have been concerns about methenamine's potential carcinogenicity and the possibility that it might increase the risk of cancer, for instance bladder or stomach cancer. [14] [20] No clinical studies have looked directly at the long-term effects of methenamine in this regard. [14]
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Frequent urination is due to the increased loss of water that has not been retained from the body as a result of a concomitant relationship with sodium loss from the convoluted tubule. The short-term anti-hypertensive action is based on the fact that thiazides decrease preload, decreasing blood pressure.
Specific medical names of the different conditions are derived from the given vitamin involved: an excess of vitamin A, for example, is called hypervitaminosis A. Hypervitaminoses are primarily caused by fat-soluble vitamins ( D and A ), as these are stored by the body for longer than the water-soluble vitamins.
Idiopathic hypercalcinuria (IH) is a condition including an excessive urinary calcium level with a normal blood calcium level resulting from no underlying cause. [1] IH has become the most common cause of hypercalciuria and is the most serious metabolic risk factor for developing nephrolithiasis . [ 1 ]
The substances cause an increase in the osmotic pressure within the tubule, causing retention of water within the lumen, and thus reduces the reabsorption of water, increasing urine output (i.e., diuresis). The same effect can be seen in therapeutics such as mannitol, which is used to increase urine output and decrease extracellular fluid volume.