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The fair-trade system is inefficient at transferring coffee consumers’ goodwill to producers. Direct trade is probably more efficient and sustainable than fair trade. Artificially stimulating more coffee production keeps coffee growers poor, because overproduction makes the prices fall on the world markets.
World Fair Trade Organization (formerly the International Fair Trade Association) is a global association created in 1989 of fair trade producer cooperatives and associations, export marketing companies, importers, retailers, national and regional fair trade networks, and fair trade support organizations. In 2004 WFTO launched the FTO Mark ...
As an additional note, the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce was a division that served as the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. In 1925, the commerce functions were separated out into a separate Ministry of Commerce and Industry ( 商工省 , Shōkō-shō ) , and the ministry ...
Fairtrade International was established in 1997. It set private standards relating to labour, cooperative organisation, and the governance of the Fairtrade benefits. The organisation was divided in January 2004 into two independent organisations: [5]
In 1979 petroleum prices jumped again, and Japan's trade balance again turned to deficit, reaching US$10.7 billion in 1980. Once again, rapid export growth and stagnant imports returned Japan quickly to surplus by 1981. For the next five years, Japan's trade surplus grew explosively, to a peak of US$82.7 billion in 1986.
The Fair Trade Federation does not certify individual products, but instead evaluates an entire business. The FTO Mark, launched in 2004 by World Fair Trade Organization, and identifies registered fair trade organizations. UTZ Certified is a coffee certification program that has sometimes been dubbed "Fairtrade lite". [17]
Japan External Trade Organization (日本貿易振興機構, Nihon Bōeki Shinkōkikō, also ジェトロ; JETRO) is an Independent Administrative Institution established by Japan Export Trade Research Organization as a nonprofit corporation in Osaka in February 1952, reorganized under the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) in 1958 (later the Ministry of Economy, Trade and ...
The Japan Fair Trade Commission' (Kōsei Torihiki Iinkai (公正取引委員会, FTC) is the competition regulator in Japan. It is a commission of the Japanese government responsible for regulating economic competition , as well as enforcement of the Antimonopoly Act .