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Proximal fractures make up 5% of all fractures and 25% of humerus fractures, [9] middle fractures about 60% of humerus fractures (12% of all fractures), [12] and distal fractures the remainder. Among proximal fractures, 80% are one-part, 10% are two-part, and the remaining 10% are three- and four-part. [ 22 ]
Proximal humerus fractures account for approximately 4-7% of all fractures in adults. [ 11 ] [ 8 ] It is the most common fracture of the humerus , as well as the most common fracture at the shoulder girdle .
A fracture in this area is most likely to cause damage to the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery. Damage to the axillary nerve affects function of the teres minor and deltoid muscles, resulting in loss of abduction of arm (from 15-90 degrees), weak flexion, extension, and rotation of shoulder as well as loss of sensation of ...
The distal humerus grows slowly post fracture (only contributes 10 to 20% of the longitudinal growth of the humerus), therefore, there is a high rate of malunion if the supracondylar fracture is not corrected appropriately. Such malunion can result in cubitus varus deformity. [citation needed]
Injury of axillary nerve (axillary neuropathy) is a condition that can be associated with a surgical neck of the humerus fracture.. It can also be associated with a dislocated shoulder [1] or with traction injury to the nerve, which may be caused by over-aggressive stretching or blunt trauma that does not result in fracture or dislocation. [2]
If there is a high probability of a fracture resulting from the unicameral bone cyst, then surgical treatment is necessary. [4] Specific methods can be determined by the physician based upon the patient's age, medical history, tolerance for certain medical procedures or medicine, health, and extremity of the disease, [ 4 ] however, the evidence ...
Instances in which the medial epicondyle of the distal humerus is malformed due to the initial fracture at the humeral endplate may result in subluxation (snapping) of the ulnar nerve over the medial epicondyle with active flexion and extension of the elbow.
Making it an uncommon cause of anterior shoulder instability. Avulsion of this ligamentous complex may occur in three sites: glenoid insertion (40%), the midsubstance (35%) and the humeral insertion (25%). [3] Bony humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament (BHAGL) refers when we have HAGL with bony fracture. [3]