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  2. Torus mandibularis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torus_mandibularis

    In 90% of cases, a torus is on both inner sides of the mandible (left and right); however, they may differ in size. The prevalence of mandibular tori ranges from 5–40%. They are less common than bony growths occurring on the palate, known as torus palatinus. Mandibular tori are more common in Asian and Inuit populations. They are slightly ...

  3. Oral and maxillofacial pathology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_and_maxillofacial...

    Torus mandibularis is a bony growth in the mandible along the surface nearest to the tongue. Mandibular tori usually are present near the premolars and above the location on the mandible of the mylohyoid muscle attachment.

  4. Oral torus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_torus

    Head and neck anatomy Torus Palatinus (torus of the hard palate - roof of the mouth) Mandibular Torus, right side (torus underneath the tongue). An oral torus - also known as: dental torus - is an oral condition in which bony growth occurs in the mouth; there are three locations in which oral tori may appear: the hard palate (torus palatinus), in the lower jaw underneath the tongue (mandibular ...

  5. Posselt's envelope of motion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posselt's_Envelope_of_Motion

    This envelope was first described by Ulf Posselt in 1952. It is a diagrammatic representation of a sagittal view of maximum mandibular movement. Posselt postulated that in the first 20mm of opening and closing, the mandible only rotates and does not simultaneously move downward and forward. [1]

  6. Jaw abnormality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaw_abnormality

    The Maxillary Mandibular Plane Angle (MMPA) is important in assessing a patient for vertical jaw abnormality. The important landmarks are the Frankfurt plane and the Mandibular plane. The Frankfurt plane is a line charted from the upper border of external auditory meatus to the lower border of the orbit.

  7. Buccal exostosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buccal_exostosis

    The presence of buccal exostosis can be diagnosed by both clinical examination and radiological interpretation of the oral cavity. Clinically, buccal exostoses appear as single, broad-based masses, usually situated bilaterally in the premolar and molar region on the facial surface of the maxillary alveolar bone. [11]

  8. Alveolar process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_process

    The alveolar process (/ æ l ˈ v iː ə l ər, ˌ æ l v i ˈ oʊ l ər, ˈ æ l v i ə l ər /) [1] is the portion of bone containing the tooth sockets on the jaw bones (in humans, the maxilla and the mandible).

  9. Sphenomandibular ligament - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphenomandibular_ligament

    The function of the sphenomandibular ligament is to limit distension of the mandible in an inferior direction. It is slack when the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is in closed position; it is taut when the condyle of the mandible is situated anterior to the temporomandibular ligament. [2]