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Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, [1] which can contain data and code: data in the form of fields (often known as attributes or properties), and code in the form of procedures (often known as methods).
Object-Oriented Software Construction, also called OOSC, is a book by Bertrand Meyer, widely considered a foundational text of object-oriented programming. [citation needed] The first edition was published in 1988; the second edition, extensively revised and expanded (more than 1300 pages), in 1997.
The builder pattern is a design pattern that provides a flexible solution to various object creation problems in object-oriented programming.The builder pattern separates the construction of a complex object from its representation.
The five basic concepts of object-oriented design are the implementation-level features built into the programming language. These features are often referred to by these common names: Object/Class : A tight coupling or association of data structures with the methods or functions that act on the data.
For example, the Document Object Model (DOM) is a collection of objects that represent a page in a web browser, used by script programs to examine and dynamically change the page. There is a Microsoft Excel object model [1] for controlling Microsoft Excel from another program, and the ASCOM Telescope Driver is an object model for controlling an ...
[citation needed] Examples of strictly object-based languages – supporting an object feature but not inheritance or subtyping – are early versions of Ada, [2] Visual Basic 6 (VB6), and Fortran 90. Some classify prototype-based programming as object-based even though it supports inheritance and subtyping albeit not via a class concept.
A method in object-oriented programming (OOP) is a procedure associated with an object, and generally also a message.An object consists of state data and behavior; these compose an interface, which specifies how the object may be used.
The listed languages are designed with varying degrees of OOP support. Some are highly focused in OOP while others support multiple paradigms including OOP. [ 1 ] For example, C++ is a multi- paradigm language including OOP; [ 2 ] however, it is less object-oriented than other languages such as Python [ 3 ] and Ruby .