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Although the actual Internet traffic mix has changed over time, the standardized IMIX profiles used for testing have not been updated accordingly because the IMIX test results need to be comparable. Mix profiles exist for IPv4 , TCP , VPN ( IPsec ) and IPv6 traffic, distributions are similar but frame sizes vary given the different overhead and ...
An IP tunnel is an Internet Protocol (IP) network communications channel between two networks. It is used to transport another network protocol by encapsulation of its packets . IP tunnels are often used for connecting two disjoint IP networks that don't have a native routing path to each other, via an underlying routable protocol across an ...
Virtual private network (VPN) is a network architecture for virtually extending a private network (i.e. any computer network which is not the public Internet) across one or multiple other networks which are either untrusted (as they are not controlled by the entity aiming to implement the VPN) or need to be isolated (thus making the lower network invisible or not directly usable).
An IP-based routing protocol, EIGRP, OSPF, RIPv2, BGP or ODR (DMVPN hub-and-spoke only). [5] Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE), RFC 1701, or multipoint GRE if spoke-to-spoke tunnels are desired; IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) using an IPsec profile, which is associated with a virtual tunnel interface in IOS software.
Users can still be tracked through tracking cookies and device fingerprinting, even if the user's IP address is hidden. [15] A VPN can log the user's traffic, although this depends on the VPN provider. [15] A VPN does not make the user immune to cyberattacks. [15] A VPN is not in itself a means for good Internet privacy.
GRE packets that are encapsulated within IP directly, use IP protocol type 47 in the IPv4 header's Protocol field [3] or the IPv6 header's Next Header field. [4] For performance reasons, GRE can also be encapsulated in UDP packets. [5] Better throughput may be achieved by using Equal-cost multi-path routing.
In a VPLS-based VPN with a large number of sites, manually configuring every participating PE does not scale well. If a new PE is taken into service, every existing PE needs to have its configuration adjusted to establish an LDP session with the new PE. Standardisation work is in progress to enable auto-discovery of participating PEs.
The value is set to 4 for IP in IP. Not to be mistaken with value 4 in the Version field, which indicates IPv4. Header Checksum: 16 bits This field is the IP checksum of outer header. Source IP Address: 32 bits This field is the IP address of the encapsulator. Destination IP Address: 32 bits This field is the IP address of the decapsulator.