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Given nitrate's low basicity, the tendency of metal nitrate complexes toward hydrolysis is expected. Thus copper(II) nitrate readily dissociates in aqueous solution to give the aqua complex: Cu(NO 3) 2 + 6 H 2 O → [Cu(H 2 O) 6](NO 3) 2. Pyrolysis of metal nitrates yields oxides. [18] Ni(NO 3) 2 → NiO + NO 2 + 0.5 O 2
Copper nitrate, in combination with acetic anhydride, is an effective reagent for nitration of aromatic compounds, known as the Menke nitration. [17] Hydrated copper nitrate adsorbed onto clay affords a reagent called "Claycop". The resulting blue-colored clay is used as a slurry, for example for the oxidation of thiols to disulfides.
The solution of the iron(II) nitrate-hydrazine complex is produced by the reaction of hydrazine nitrate and ferric nitrate at 40 °C with copper(II) nitrate as a catalyst: [8] 4 Fe(NO 3) 3 + N 2 H 5 NO 3 → 4 Fe(NO 3) 2 + N 2 + 4 HNO 3. If the compound is used in situ, the compound is produced by the reaction of iron(II) chloride and calcium ...
The addition of Grignard reagents to alkynes is facilitated by a catalytic amount of copper halide. Transmetalation to copper and carbocupration are followed by transmetalation of the product alkene back to magnesium. The addition is syn unless a coordinating group is nearby in the substrate, in which case the addition becomes anti and yields ...
Such a high boiling point is common among transition metals (e.g., iron and copper boil at 2887 and 2582 °C, respectively), but is especially unusual among the highly reactive metals (cf. magnesium and sodium, which boil at 1090 and 883 °C, respectively).
In numerous variants that have been developed, other transition metal salts, including copper(II), iron(III) and cobalt(III) have also been employed. [7] Due to its wide synthetic applicability, the Sandmeyer reaction, along with other transformations of diazonium compounds, is complementary to electrophilic aromatic substitution .
Medicine: Organic synthesis plays a vital role in drug discovery, allowing chemists to develop and optimize new drugs by modifying organic molecules. [9] Additionally, the synthesis of metal complexes for medical imaging and cancer treatments is a key application of chemical synthesis, enabling advanced diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. [10]
The copper-containing enzyme nitrite reductase (CuNIR) catalyzes the 1-electron reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide. The proposed mechanism entails the protonation of a κ 2O,O -NO 2 -Cu(I) complex. This protonation induces cleavage of an N–O bond, giving a HO–Cu–ON center, which features a nitric oxide ligand O-bonded to Cu(II) (an ...