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The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere. This extends from the planetary surface to the bottom of the stratosphere. The troposphere contains 75–80% of the mass of the atmosphere, [9] and is the atmospheric layer wherein the weather occurs; the height of the troposphere varies between 17 km at the equator and 7.0 km at the poles.
The troposphere is denser than all its overlying layers because a larger atmospheric weight sits on top of the troposphere and causes it to be most severely compressed. Fifty percent of the total mass of the atmosphere is located in the lower 5.6 km (3.5 mi; 18,000 ft) of the troposphere.
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The stratosphere (/ ˈ s t r æ t ə ˌ s f ɪər,-t oʊ-/) is the second-lowest layer of the atmosphere of Earth, located above the troposphere and below the mesosphere. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The stratosphere is composed of stratified temperature zones, with the warmer layers of air located higher (closer to outer space ) and the cooler layers lower ...
In addition to the surface layer, the planetary boundary layer also comprises the PBL core (between 0.1 and 0.7 of the PBL depth) and the PBL top or entrainment layer or capping inversion layer (between 0.7 and 1 of the PBL depth). Four main external factors determine the PBL depth and its mean vertical structure:
Kyuranger is considered the fifth space-themed series [a] whose primary motifs are constellations and Greco-Roman mythology, and it is also the first Super Sentai series to introduce nine regular members in the beginning instead of five or fewer like previous installments. The team later gains three additional members, increasing the number to ...
Usually, within the lower atmosphere (the troposphere) the air near the surface of the Earth is warmer than the air above it, largely because the atmosphere is heated from below as solar radiation warms the Earth's surface, which in turn then warms the layer of the atmosphere directly above it, e.g., by thermals (convective heat transfer). [3]
Atmospheric convection is the result of a parcel-environment instability (temperature difference layer) in the atmosphere. [ jargon ] Different lapse rates within dry and moist air masses lead to instability.