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  2. Absolutism (European history) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolutism_(European_history)

    The prime example of "courtly absolutism" is the rule of the French King Louis XIV. Later, pure "absolutism" developed into so-called "enlightened absolutism", in which general well-being became the primary goal of the otherwise absolute ruling monarch: The King saw himself as the first servant of his state (self-description by Frederick II of ...

  3. Absolute monarchy in France - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_monarchy_in_France

    Absolute monarchy is a variation of the governmental form of monarchy in which the monarch holds supreme authority and where that authority is not restricted by any written laws, legislature, or customs. In France, Louis XIV was the most famous exemplar of absolute monarchy, with his court central to French political and cultural life during ...

  4. Ancien régime - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancien_régime

    The French monarchy was irrevocably linked to the Catholic Church (the formula was la France est la fille aînée de l'église, or "France is the eldest daughter of the church"), and French theorists of the divine right of kings and sacerdotal power in the Renaissance had made those links explicit.

  5. Absolute monarchy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_monarchy

    Absolute monarchy [1] [2] is a form of monarchy in which the sovereign is the sole source of political power, ... first following the French Revolution, ...

  6. Absolutism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolutism

    Enlightened absolutism, influenced by the Enlightenment (18th- and early 19th-century Europe) Absolute monarchy, in which a monarch rules free of laws or legally organized opposition; Autocracy, a political theory which argues that one person should hold all power Tsarist autocracy, is a form of autocracy (later absolute monarchy) specific to ...

  7. Enlightened absolutism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlightened_absolutism

    Enlightened absolutism is the theme of an essay by Frederick the Great, who ruled Prussia from 1740 to 1786, defending this system of government. [5] When the prominent French Enlightenment philosopher Voltaire fell out of favor in France, he eagerly accepted Frederick's invitation to live at his palace. He believed that an enlightened monarchy ...

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  9. Bonapartism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonapartism

    Karl Marx was a student of Jacobinism and the French Revolution, as well as a contemporary critic of the Second Republic and Second Empire. He used the term Bonapartism to refer to a situation in which counter-revolutionary military officers seize power from revolutionaries, and use selective reformism to co-opt the radicalism of the masses.