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Abscisic acid (ABA or abscisin II [5]) is a plant hormone. ABA functions in many plant developmental processes, including seed and bud dormancy , the control of organ size and stomatal closure. It is especially important for plants in the response to environmental stresses , including drought , soil salinity , cold tolerance, freezing tolerance ...
PERK4 specifically plays a crucial role in abscisic acid (ABA) signalling and response and has shown to be an ABA- and calcium-activated protein kinase. Both MCA1 and PERK4 appear to correlate with cytoplasmic calcium gradients and an early response to hydraulic signals since calcium is known to be involved in plants’ early responses to ...
The rise in cytosolic Ca²⁺ levels following the activation of MSCs or RLKs is a crucial step in the plant's mechanotransduction response. This transient calcium influx is decoded by calcium-binding proteins, such as calmodulins (CaMs) and calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs), which regulate diverse downstream processes.
The increase in ABA causes there to be an increase in calcium ion concentration. Although at first, they thought it was a coincidence they later discovered that this calcium increase is important. They found Ca2+ ions are involved in anion channel activation, which allows for anions to flow into the guard cell.
The US Institute of Medicine (IOM) established Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for calcium in 1997 and updated those values in 2011. [6] See table. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) uses the term Population Reference Intake (PRIs) instead of RDAs and sets slightly different numbers: ages 4–10 800 mg, ages 11–17 1150 mg, ages 18–24 1000 mg, and >25 years 950 mg. [10]
Ripening can be induced by abscisic acid, specifically the process of sucrose accumulation as well as color acquisition and firmness. [19] While ethylene plays a major role in the ripening of climacteric plants, it still has effects in non-climacteric species as well. In strawberries, it was shown to stimulate color and softening processes.
Bioactive GAs and abscisic acid (ABA) levels have an inverse relationship and regulate seed development and germination. [43] [44] Levels of FUS3, an Arabidopsis transcription factor, are upregulated by ABA and downregulated by Giberellins, which suggests that there is a regulation loop that establishes the balance of Gibberellins and Abscisic ...
Calcium's interaction with the H+-ATPase is through a kinase. [27] Therefore, calcium's influx causes the activation of a kinase that phosphorylates and deactivates the H+-ATPase so that the cell can depolarize. [27] It is unclear whether all of the heightened calcium ion intracellular concentration is solely due to calcium channel activation.