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The most common mediastinal masses are thymoma (20% of mediastinal tumors), usually found in the anterior mediastinum, followed by neurogenic Timor (15–20%) located in the anterior mediastinum. [1] Lung cancer typically spreads to the lymph nodes in the mediastinum.
The mediastinum (from Medieval Latin: mediastinus, lit. 'midway'; [2] pl.: mediastina) is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity.Surrounded by loose connective tissue, it is a region that contains vital organs and structures within the thorax, namely the heart and its vessels, the esophagus, the trachea, the vagus, phrenic and cardiac nerves, the thoracic duct, the thymus and the lymph ...
The diagnosis of a mediastinal germ cell tumor should be considered in all young males with a mediastinal mass. In addition to physical examination and routine laboratory studies, initial evaluation should include CT of the chest and abdomen, and determination of serum levels of HCG and alpha-fetoprotein.
Despite 80% PMLBCL being stage I or II, the presenting anterior mediastinal mass is often over 10 cm and is locally invasive of lung, chest wall, pleura, and pericardium. [6] At initial presentation, PMLBCL is usually confined to mediastinum, but its bulk, rather than additional adenopathy, can sometimes be palpated at the low neck. [6]
Micrograph of a primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma, a cause of mediastinal lymphadenopathy. H&E stain. Mediastinal lymphadenopathy or mediastinal adenopathy is an enlargement of the mediastinal lymph nodes.
Superior vena cava syndrome (Mediastinal syndrome) Other names: SVC obstruction [1]: Superior vena cava syndrome in a person with bronchogenic carcinoma.Note the swelling of his face first thing in the morning (left) and its resolution after being upright all day (right).
Patients often present with extensive bone marrow involvement, mediastinal mass, adenopathy, CNS involvement, and splenomegaly. [1] The symptoms can appear acutely or develop progressively over time. The most common clinical feature among patients is the proliferation of malignant clones, suppressing normal haematopoiesis and resulting in a ...
[2] [7] Pericardial cysts make up 6-7% of all mediastinal masses. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] They can present at any age, but are most commonly diagnosed between the third and fifth decade of life. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Females and males have approximately equal incidences of pericardial cysts.