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This standard contains the standards over performing an audit of internal control over financial reporting that is integrated with an audit of financial statements. The auditor must test entity-level controls that are important to the auditor's conclusion about whether the company has effective internal control over financial reporting .
Internal control, as defined by accounting and auditing, is a process for assuring of an organization's objectives in operational effectiveness and efficiency, reliable financial reporting, and compliance with laws, regulations and policies. A broad concept, internal control involves everything that controls risks to an organization.
An example of an entity-level control objective is: "Employees are aware of the Company's Code of Conduct." The COSO 1992–1994 Framework defines each of the five components of internal control (i.e., Control Environment, Risk Assessment, Information & Communication, Monitoring, and Control Activities).
Internal auditing is an independent, objective assurance and consulting activity designed to add value and improve an organization's operations. It helps an organization accomplish its objectives by bringing a systematic, disciplined approach to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of risk management, control and governance processes. [1]
It serves to require the auditor to understand the client's accounting system and internal control system and to assess control risk and inherent risk. The objective is to determine the nature, timing and extent of substantive procedures in order to reduce audit risk to an acceptable low level.
SOC 2 Audits can be carried out only by either a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) or a certified technical expert belonging to an audit firm licensed by the AICPA. The SOC 2 Audit provides the organization’s detailed internal controls report made in compliance with the 5 trust service criteria.
A number of software packages are available to support the control self-assessment process. These are typically modified versions of software developed originally for internal use by audit and accountancy firms such as Deloitte or by niche vendors specialising in business or financial management tools.
It prescribes three levels of service: examination, [1] review, [2] and agreed-upon procedures. [3] It also prescribes two types of reports: Type 1, which includes an assessment of internal control design, and Type 2, which additionally includes an assessment of the operating effectiveness of controls. [4]