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Spina bifida (SB; /ˌspaɪnə ˈbɪfɪdə/, [9] Latin for 'split spine') [10] is a birth defect in which there is incomplete closing of the spine and the membranes around the spinal cord during early development in pregnancy. [1] There are three main types: spina bifida occulta, meningocele and myelomeningocele. [1]
By the time of birth the spinal cord is located between L1 and L2. In a baby with Spina bifida the spinal cord is still attached to the skin around it preventing it from rising properly. [12] This occurs because the spinal cord in a child with Spina bifida is low lying and tethered at the bottom.
Spina bifida is a neural tube defect that involves defects in the development of the spine, and it can cause hydrocephalus. Myelomeningocele is the most severe type of spina bifida, involving an open spinal column and the exact mechanism of hydrocephalus involved in this condition is unclear.
According to the CDC, approximately 1,645 babies are born with spina bifida each year in the United States. During the fetal surgery to correct the condition, a C-section-like incision is made to ...
Spina bifida occulta means hidden split spine. [20] In this type of neural tube defect, the meninges do not herniate through the opening in the spinal canal. [19] The most frequently seen form of spina bifida occulta is when parts of the bones of the spine, called the spinous process, and the neural arch appear abnormal on a radiogram, without ...
In neurology, a lipomyelomeningocele is a type of closed neural tube defect that affects around 3 to 6 babies out of 100,000 births. [1] [2] It is an example of a spinal lipoma, which is a collection of adipose tissue, or fat, that is located at or around the spinal cord.
Lateral meningocele syndrome, also known as Lehman syndrome, [2] is a very rare skeletal disorder with facial anomalies, hypotonia, and meningocele-related neurologic dysfunction. [3] These protrusions form from membranes surrounding the spinal cord in gaps in the spine (vertebrae). [ 4 ]
Congenital heart defects, hydronephrosis, omphalocele and meningocele (spina bifida) are also common. Cystic hygromas occur but are uncommon. [citation needed] Triploid fetuses have intrauterine growth restriction beginning early in the pregnancy, as early as 12 weeks, and does not affect the head as severely as the body.
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