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Since 1976, when the United States budget process was revised by the Budget Act of 1974 [1] the United States Federal Government has had funding gaps on 22 occasions. [2] [3] [4] Funding gaps did not lead to government shutdowns prior to 1980, when President Jimmy Carter requested opinions from Attorney General Benjamin Civiletti on funding gaps and the Antideficiency Act.
Prior to 1980, federal funding gaps caused by the expiration of appropriations legislation did not lead to government shutdowns. [1] However, in April 1980, Attorney General Benjamin Civiletti issued an opinion that the 1884 Antideficiency Act did require agencies to shut down during a funding gap.
In the United States, government shutdowns occur when funding legislation required to finance the federal government is not enacted before the next fiscal year begins. In a shutdown, the federal government curtails agency activities and services, ceases non-essential operations, furloughs non-essential workers, and retains only essential employees in departments that protect human life or ...
The Senate approved a slimmed-down, temporary government spending plan early Saturday morning, averting a shutdown of the federal government. The legislation now goes to President Joe Biden for ...
As Republicans scramble on Capitol Hill to get a new government funding agreement passed, many federal workers are now in limbo waiting to see how a government shutdown would impact them with the ...
However, federal spending increased relative to state and local spending as a result of World War I and World War II, and by the 1930s, state and local government spending accounted for less than one half of government spending. By 2019, federal spending was more than 20% of GDP, while state and local spending hovered around 17% of GDP.
The monitoring of federal spending and taxation and its variation between states in the United States began in 1977 under a query run by Daniel Patrick Moynihan, Democratic senator of New York. The query was designed to determine whether the state of New York was paying more in taxes than it was receiving in federal spending.
A related funding gap occurred during the first 9 hours of Friday, February 9, 2018, EST. The funding gap was widely referred to in media reports as a second shutdown, although no workers were furloughed and government services were not disrupted because the funding gap occurred overnight and was resolved close to the beginning of the workday.