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An extension of word vectors for creating a dense vector representation of unstructured radiology reports has been proposed by Banerjee et al. [23] One of the biggest challenges with Word2vec is how to handle unknown or out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words and morphologically similar words. If the Word2vec model has not encountered a particular word ...
The semantic features of a word can be notated using a binary feature notation common to the framework of componential analysis. [11] A semantic property is specified in square brackets and a plus or minus sign indicates the existence or non-existence of that property. [12] cat is [+animate], [+domesticated], [+feline] puma is [+animate], [− ...
Animation of the topic detection process in a document-word matrix. Every column corresponds to a document, every row to a word. A cell stores the weighting of a word in a document (e.g. by tf-idf), dark cells indicate high weights. LSA groups both documents that contain similar words, as well as words that occur in a similar set of documents.
Pronounced "A-star". A graph traversal and pathfinding algorithm which is used in many fields of computer science due to its completeness, optimality, and optimal efficiency. abductive logic programming (ALP) A high-level knowledge-representation framework that can be used to solve problems declaratively based on abductive reasoning. It extends normal logic programming by allowing some ...
The bag-of-words model (BoW) is a model of text which uses a representation of text that is based on an unordered collection (a "bag") of words. It is used in natural language processing and information retrieval (IR). It disregards word order (and thus most of syntax or grammar) but captures multiplicity.
^ The primary format is binary, but text and JSON formats are available. [8] [9] ^ Means that generic tools/libraries know how to encode, decode, and dereference a reference to another piece of data in the same document. A tool may require the IDL file, but no more. Excludes custom, non-standardized referencing techniques.
A unique combination of features defines a phoneme. Examples of phonemic or distinctive features are: [+/- voice], [+/- ATR] (binary features) and [ CORONAL] (a unary feature; also a place feature). Surface representations can be expressed as the result of rules acting on the features of the underlying representation. These rules are formulated ...
A basic example of string searching is when the pattern and the searched text are arrays of elements of an alphabet Σ. Σ may be a human language alphabet, for example, the letters A through Z and other applications may use a binary alphabet (Σ = {0,1}) or a DNA alphabet (Σ = {A,C,G,T}) in bioinformatics.