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[52] [53] In rats, less than 2% of the drug is excreted unchanged. [53] The time to reach maximum concentration (T max) of hydroxyzine is about 2.0 hours in both adults and children and its elimination half-life is around 20.0 hours in adults (mean age 29.3 years) and 7.1 hours in children.
A single bedtime dose after the last feeding of the day may minimize the harmful effects of the medication on the baby and the milk supply. Still, non-sedating antihistamines are preferred. [37] Paradoxical reactions to diphenhydramine have been documented, particularly in children, and it may cause excitation instead of sedation. [38]
The evidence does not report how antihistamines affect women differently than men. [1] Different studies have reported on antihistamine use in children, with various studies finding evidence that certain antihistamines could be used by children 2 years of age, and other drugs being safer for younger or older children. [1]
The safety profile of fexofenadine is quite favorable, as no cardiovascular or sedative effects have been shown to occur even when taking 10 times the recommended dose. [25] Research on humans ranges from a single 800-mg dose, to a twice-daily, 690-mg dose for a month, with no clinically significant adverse effects, when compared to a placebo.
Ibuprofen, by comparison, works faster than naproxen. However, because ibuprofen’s effects wear off quicker, it needs to be taken more frequently throughout the day, she says.
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Children appear to be at a high risk for cardiopulmonary arrest. A toxic dose for children of more than 1.8 mg/kg has been reported. A 3-year-old child died 18 hours after ingesting 1,000 mg doxylamine succinate. [5] Rarely, an overdose results in rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury. [36]
Dose changes are not required for hepatic or renal impairment. [16] While the onset of its effects vary between formulations, bilastine generally takes effect within 30–60 minutes. [8] It should be taken only by children older than 4 years and adults, or anyone over 12 years for Allertine. [13] [16]