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Stigmergy (/ ˈ s t ɪ ɡ m ər dʒ i / STIG-mər-jee) is a mechanism of indirect coordination, through the environment, between agents or actions. [1] The principle is that the trace left in the environment by an individual action stimulates the performance of a succeeding action by the same or different agent. Agents that respond to traces in ...
The ant colony optimization algorithm is a probabilistic technique for solving computational problems that can be reduced to finding good paths through graphs.Initially proposed by Marco Dorigo in 1992 in his PhD thesis, [1] [2] the first algorithm aimed to search for an optimal path in a graph based on the behavior of ants seeking a path between their colony and a source of food.
The self-regulated learning is the process of taking control and evaluating one's own learning and behavior. This emphasizes control by the individual who monitors, directs and regulates actions toward goals of information. In goal attainment self-regulation it is generally described in these four components of self-regulation. [1]
The prominent feature of systems with self-adjusting parameters is an ability to avoid chaos. The name for this phenomenon is "Adaptation to the edge of chaos" . Adaptation to the edge of chaos refers to the idea that many complex adaptive systems (CASs) seem to intuitively evolve toward a regime near the boundary between chaos and order. [ 19 ]
The Hopcroft–Tarjan planarity testing algorithm was the first linear-time algorithm for planarity testing. [11] Tarjan has also developed important data structures such as the Fibonacci heap (a heap data structure consisting of a forest of trees), and the splay tree (a self-adjusting binary search tree; co-invented by Tarjan and Daniel Sleator).
Heuristics (from Ancient Greek εὑρίσκω, heurískō, "I find, discover") is the process by which humans use mental shortcuts to arrive at decisions. Heuristics are simple strategies that humans, animals, [1] [2] [3] organizations, [4] and even machines [5] use to quickly form judgments, make decisions, and find solutions to complex problems.
Gigerenzer & Gaissmaier (2011) state that sub-sets of strategy include heuristics, regression analysis, and Bayesian inference. [14]A heuristic is a strategy that ignores part of the information, with the goal of making decisions more quickly, frugally, and/or accurately than more complex methods (Gigerenzer and Gaissmaier [2011], p. 454; see also Todd et al. [2012], p. 7).
In psychology, adjustment is the condition of a person who is able to adapt to changes in their physical, occupational, and social environment. [1] In other words, adjustment refers to the behavioral process of balancing conflicting needs or needs challenged by obstacles in the environment.