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However, carriers of balanced reciprocal translocations may create gametes with unbalanced chromosome translocations during meiotic chromosomal segregation. This can lead to infertility, miscarriages or children with abnormalities. Genetic counseling and genetic testing are often offered to families that may carry a translocation. Most balanced ...
Translocon clogging during post-translational translocation (PTT) may happen when proteins are not properly folded or form aggregates before they are fully translocated. [20] [21] [22] Translocon quality control mechanisms in the cell restore translocon function by relieving clogged translocon channels during protein translocation. [21]
A Robertsonian translocation. The short arms of the chromosomes (shown on right) are often lost . Robertsonian translocation (ROB) is a chromosomal abnormality where the entire long arms of two different chromosomes become fused to each other. It is the most common form of chromosomal translocation in humans, affecting 1 out of every 1,000 ...
The growing polypeptide chain is transferred to the tRNA in the A site. Translocation occurs, moving the tRNA to the P/E site, now without an amino acid; the tRNA that was in the A site, now charged with the polypeptide chain, is moved to the P/E site and the uncharged tRNA leaves, and another aminoacyl-tRNA enters the A site to repeat the process.
Gene conversion is the process by which one DNA sequence replaces a homologous sequence such that the sequences become identical after the conversion. [1] Gene conversion can be either allelic, meaning that one allele of the same gene replaces another allele, or ectopic, meaning that one paralogous DNA sequence converts another.
The ribosomal P-site plays a vital role in all phases of translation. Initiation involves recognition of the start codon (AUG) by initiator tRNA in the P-site, elongation involves passage of many elongator tRNAs through the P site, termination involves hydrolysis of the mature polypeptide from tRNA bound to the P-site, and ribosome recycling involves release of deacylated tRNA.
During chain elongation, each additional amino acid is added to the nascent polypeptide chain in a three-step microcycle. The steps in this microcycle are (1) positioning the correct aminoacyl-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome, which is brought into that site by eEF1, (2) forming the peptide bond, and (3) shifting the mRNA by one codon ...
EC 7.2.1 Translocation of inorganic cations linked to oxidoreductase reactions; EC 7.2.2 Translocation of inorganic cations linked to the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate; EC 7.2.4 Translocation of inorganic cations linked to decarboxylation; An important translocase contained in this group is Na+/K+ pump, also known as EC 7.2.2.13.