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The striatum; part of the basal ganglia; neural pathways between the striatum and the frontal lobe have been implicated in planning function. Planning is one of the executive functions of the brain, encompassing the neurological processes involved in the formulation, evaluation and selection of a sequence of thoughts and actions to achieve a ...
According to Fayol, management operates through five basic functions: planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling. Planning: Deciding what needs to happen in the future and generating action plans (deciding in advance). Organizing (or staffing): Making sure the human and nonhuman resources are put into place. [65]
A useful way of planning is to break down tasks into a hierarchy, using a tree diagram. The process decision program chart (PDPC) extends the tree diagram a couple of levels to identify risks and countermeasures for the bottom level tasks. Different shaped boxes are used to highlight risks and identify possible countermeasures (often shown as ...
Executive functions include basic cognitive processes such as attentional control, cognitive inhibition, inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. Higher-order executive functions require the simultaneous use of multiple basic executive functions and include planning and fluid intelligence (e.g., reasoning and problem-solving).
The planning function involves establishing goals and arranging them in a logical order. Administrators engage in both short-range and long-range planning. Organizing : Once a plan of action is designed, managers need to provide everything necessary to carry it out; including raw materials, tools, capital and human resources.
Concepts such as top-down planning (as opposed to bottom-up planning) reveal similarities with the systems thinking behind the top-down model.. The subject touches such broad fields as psychology, game theory, communications and information theory, which inform the planning methods that people seek to use and refine; as well as logic and science (i.e. methodological naturalism) which serve as ...
Cognitive planning is one of the executive functions. It encompasses the neurological processes involved in the formulation, evaluation and selection of a sequence of thoughts and actions to achieve a desired goal. Various studies utilizing a combination of neuropsychological, neuropharmacological and functional neuroimaging approaches have ...
In simple words, office management can be defined as “a distinct process of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating and controlling office in order to facilitate achievement of objectives of any business enterprise’. This definition shows managerial functions of an administrative manager.