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The mustard oil bomb, formerly known as the glucosinolate–myrosinase complex, is a chemical herbivory defense system found in members of the Brassicaceae (or cabbage family). The mustard oil bomb requires the activation of a common plant secondary metabolite, glucosinolate , by an enzyme, myrosinase .
Ascorbate is a known cofactor of myrosinase, serving as a base catalyst in glucosinolate hydrolysis. [1] [7] For example, myrosinase isolated from daikon (Raphanus sativus) demonstrated an increase in V max from 2.06 μmol/min per mg of protein to 280 μmol/min per mg of protein on the substrate, allyl glucosinolate (sinigrin) when in the presence of 500 μM ascorbate. [4]
Sinalbin is metabolised to form the mustard oil 4-hydroxybenzyl isothiocyanate by the enzyme myrosinase. The less sharp taste of white mustard is because 4-hydroxybenzyl isothiocyanate is unstable and degrades to 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and a thiocyanate ion , which are not pungent.
In S. alba, the glucosinolate sinalbin is broken down by enzymes like myrosinase, resulting in the formation of 'white principles'. These white principles consist of p-hydroxy benzyl isothiocyanate and p-hydroxy benzylamine. [10] White mustard has fewer volatile oils than black mustard seeds, and the flavor is considered to be milder. [11] [12]
The natural role of glucosinolates are as plant defense compounds. The enzyme myrosinase removes the glucose group in sinigrin to give an intermediate which spontaneously rearranges to allyl isothiocyanate, the compound responsible for the pungent taste of Dijon mustard.
Some sources suggest that the mustard seed "is good for you because it contains several antioxidants that provide various health benefits." Some of these benefits can include anti-cancer ...
The essence of glucosinolate chemistry is their ability to convert into an isothiocyanate (a "mustard oil") upon hydrolysis of the thioglucoside bond by the enzyme myrosinase. [4] The semisystematic naming of glucosinolates consists of the chemical name of the group "R" in the diagram followed by "glucosinolate", with or without a space.
Its pungent flavor is due to allyl isothiocyanate, a phytochemical of plants in the mustard family, Brassicaceae (for example, cabbage, horseradish or wasabi).. Mustard oil has about 60% monounsaturated fatty acids (42% erucic acid and 12% oleic acid); it has about 21% polyunsaturated fats (6% the omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid and 15% the omega-6 linoleic acid), and it has about 12% saturated fats.
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