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Aerogel contains particles that are 2–5 nm in diameter. After the process of creating aerogel, it will contain a large amount of hydroxyl groups on the surface. The hydroxyl groups can cause a strong reaction when the aerogel is placed in water, causing it to catastrophically dissolve in the water.
Graphene aerogels have a Young's modulus on the order of 50 MPa. [7] They can be compressed elastically to strain values >50%. [6] The stiffness and compressibility of graphene aerogels can be attributed in part to the strong sp 2 bonding of graphene and the π-π interaction between carbon sheets.
Aerogel is a low-density solid-state material derived from gel in which the liquid component of the gel has been replaced with gas. The result is an extremely low density solid with several remarkable properties, most notably its effectiveness as a thermal insulator. It is also very strong structurally, able to hold over 2000 times its own weight.
They include silica aerogels, carbon nanotube aerogels, aero graphite, metallic foams, polymeric foams, and metallic micro lattices. [1] Ultralight materials are produced to have the strength of bulk-scaled properties at a micro-size. Also, they are designed to not compress even under extreme pressure, which show that they are stiff and strong. [2]
The aerogel sheets have a density of ≈1.5 mg/cm 3, an areal density of 1-3 μg/cm 2, and a thickness of ≈20 μm. The thickness is decreased to ≈50 nm by liquid-based densification to decrease the volume. The aerogel sheets can be stretched as much as three times along the width while low-modulus rubber like behavior is remained.
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In 2002, aerogel held the Guinness World Record for the least dense (lightest) solid. [16] Aerogel is mostly air because its structure is like that of a highly vacuous sponge. The lightness and low density is due primarily to the large proportion of air within the solid and not the silicon construction materials. [17]
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