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Cellular technology was undeveloped until the 1960s, when Richard H. Frenkiel and Joel S. Engel of Bell Labs developed the electronics. Meanwhile, the 1956 inauguration of the TAT-1 cable and later international direct dialing were important steps in putting together the various continental telephone networks into a global network .
A teleprinter is a telegraph machine that can send messages from a typewriter-like keyboard and print incoming messages in readable text with no need for the operators to be trained in the telegraph code used on the line. It developed from various earlier printing telegraphs and resulted in improved transmission speeds. [36]
1844: Innocenzo Manzetti first suggests the idea of an electric "speaking telegraph", or telephone. 1849: Antonio Meucci demonstrates a communicating device to individuals in Havana . It is disputed that this is an electromagnetic telephone, but it is said to involve direct transmission of electricity into the user's body.
The telephone played a major communications role in American history from the 1876 publication of its first patent by Alexander Graham Bell onward. In the 20th century the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) dominated the telecommunication market as the at times largest company in the world, until it was broken up in 1982 and replaced by a system of competitors.
The telegraph represented a disruptive innovation in the history of the United States from its invention in the 1830s onward by quickly becoming a vital part of the nation's communication infrastructure. Its relative importance declined with the spread of telephones in the 20th century.
1878: First phone directory printed in Connecticut. Telegraph manager George Coy of New Haven, Connecticut, developed an exchange—the system that allows people to call each other—within a year ...
The first commercial needle telegraph system and the most widely used of its type was the Cooke and Wheatstone telegraph, invented in 1837. The second category are armature systems, in which the current activates a telegraph sounder that makes a click; communication on this type of system relies on sending clicks in coded rhythmic patterns.
The patented invention proved lucrative and by 1851 telegraph lines in the United States spanned over 20,000 miles (32,000 kilometres). [13] Morse's most important technical contribution to this telegraph was the simple and highly efficient Morse Code , co-developed with Vail, which was an important advance over Wheatstone's more complicated ...