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  2. Retrolisthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrolisthesis

    Retrolisthesis can be classified as a form of spondylolisthesis, since spondylolisthesis is often defined in the literature as displacement in any direction. [1] [2] Yet, medical dictionaries usually define spondylolisthesis specifically as the forward or anterior displacement of a vertebra over the vertebra inferior to it (or the sacrum).

  3. Modic changes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modic_changes

    The first study by Stirling and Lambert found Propionibacterium acnes in the extruded disc material in patients undergoing surgery [25] inspired the bacterial theory. [citation needed] The discovery has led to many studies trying to identify bacteria in the disc material. The methods used in the studies to determine the presence of bacteria ...

  4. Spondylolisthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spondylolisthesis

    Spondylolisthesis is when one spinal vertebra slips out of place compared to another. [1] While some medical dictionaries define spondylolisthesis specifically as the forward or anterior displacement of a vertebra over the vertebra inferior to it (or the sacrum), [2] [3] it is often defined in medical textbooks as displacement in any direction.

  5. Lumbar spinal stenosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbar_spinal_stenosis

    Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a medical condition in which the spinal canal narrows and compresses the nerves and blood vessels at the level of the lumbar vertebrae. Spinal stenosis may also affect the cervical or thoracic region, in which case it is known as cervical spinal stenosis or thoracic spinal stenosis. Lumbar spinal stenosis can ...

  6. Laminotomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminotomy

    A laminotomy is an orthopaedic neurosurgical procedure that removes part of the lamina of a vertebral arch in order to relieve pressure in the vertebral canal. [1] A laminotomy is less invasive than conventional vertebral column surgery techniques, such as laminectomy because it leaves more ligaments and muscles attached to the spinous process intact and it requires removing less bone from the ...

  7. Microsurgical lumbar laminoplasty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsurgical_lumbar_l...

    Despite the fact that microsurgical lumbar laminoplasty is an effective and less-invasive method for decompressing spinal nerves compared to traditional laminectomy, few surgeons have adopted it because the technique is more time-consuming and requires specialized training and equipment (operating microscope).

  8. Degenerative disc disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degenerative_disc_disease

    Spinal decompression: A non-invasive procedure that temporarily (a few hours) enlarges the intervertebral foramen (IVF) by aiding in the rehydration of the spinal discs. Spinal laminectomy: A procedure for treating spinal stenosis by relieving pressure on the spinal cord. A part of the lamina is removed or trimmed to widen the spinal canal and ...

  9. Back pain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pain

    When an entire disc is removed (as in discectomy), or when the vertebrae are unstable, spinal fusion surgery may be performed. Spinal fusion is a procedure in which bone grafts and metal hardware is used to fix together two or more vertebrae, thus preventing the bones of the spinal column from compressing on the spinal cord or nerve roots.