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With the demise of wooden ships, those uses of pine resin ended, but the former naval stores industry remained vigorous as new products created new markets. First extensively described by Frederick Law Olmsted in his book A Journey in the Seaboard Slave States (1856), [3] the naval stores industry was one of the economic mainstays of the southeastern United States until the late 20th century.
Pine trees especially in North Carolina were tapped for sap which was doubly distilled to make turpentine and rosin (aka resin)–hence the name tar heels. The trees were scored with a ledge called a “box” to collect the sap. Large numbers of slaves were used to score the trees, collect and process the sap. Zallen describes this as ...
Resin is usually collected by causing minor damage to the tree by making a hole far enough into the trunk to puncture the vacuoles, to let sap exit the tree, known as tapping, and then letting the tree repair its damage by filling the wound with resin. This usually takes a few days. Then, excess resin is collected.
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Pitch produced from petroleum may be called bitumen or asphalt, while plant-derived pitch, a resin, is known as rosin in its solid form. Tar is sometimes used interchangeably with pitch, but generally refers to a more liquid substance derived from coal production, including coal tar, or from plants, as in pine tar. [2]
Between 3 and 4 kilograms of Pitch could be obtained from a single trunk in one year. So, in order for a Resin Worker to live modestly with his family, he had to extract resin from about 3000 trees. [3] The workdays usually began before sunrise with the commute to the work area in the pine forest, and Resin Workers would often work 10 to 12 hours.
Luckily, there's Angelina's of Maryland, whose steamed crabs, crabcakes, crab soups, and other products are made with 100% domestic USA-sourced blue crab, averaging 75% or more from Maryland ...