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Amine. In chemistry, amines (/ ə ˈ m iː n, ˈ æ m iː n /, [1] [2] UK also / ˈ eɪ m iː n / [3]) are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair.Formally, amines are derivatives of ammonia (NH 3 (in which the bond angle between the nitrogen and hydrogen is 170°), wherein one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an ...
Typical Lewis bases are conventional amines such as ammonia and alkyl amines. Other common Lewis bases include pyridine and its derivatives. Some of the main classes of Lewis bases are amines of the formula NH 3−x R x where R = alkyl or aryl. Related to these are pyridine and its derivatives. phosphines of the formula PR 3−x Ar x.
The term dipolar bond is used in organic chemistry for compounds such as amine oxides for which the electronic structure can be described in terms of the basic amine donating two electrons to an oxygen atom. R 3 N → O. The arrow → indicates that both electrons in the bond originate from the amine moiety. In a standard covalent bond each ...
General structure of an amine oxide. In chemistry, an amine oxide, also known as an amine N-oxide or simply N-oxide, is a chemical compound that has the chemical formula R 3 N + −O −. It contains a nitrogen-oxygen coordinate covalent bond with three additional hydrogen and/or substituent-groups attached to nitrogen.
The chemistry involved in the amine treating of such gases varies somewhat with the particular amine being used. For one of the more common amines, monoethanolamine (MEA) denoted as RNH 2, the acid-base reaction involving the protonation of the amine electron pair to form a positively charged ammonium group (RNH + 3) can be expressed as: RNH 2 ...
Schiff bases are common enzymatic intermediates where an amine, such as the terminal group of a lysine residue, reversibly reacts with an aldehyde or ketone of a cofactor or substrate. The common enzyme cofactor pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) forms a Schiff base with a lysine residue and is transaldiminated to the substrate(s). [7]
The high energy electronic state, 2 A 1, has the two electrons in the p-orbital and the unpaired electron in the sp 2 orbital (σ type radical). [4] [5] Nitrogen centered compounds, such as amines, are nucleophilic in nature. This character is also seen in amino radicals, which can be considered to be nucleophilic species. [4] [5]
Structural representations used by Alfred Werner (right) and Sophus Mads Jørgensen for one isomer of the dichloride salt of the complex [Pt(NH 3) 2 (pyridine) 2] 2+. [3]Ammine complexes played a major role in the development of coordination chemistry, specifically determination of the stereochemistry and structure.