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Pes cavus can occur from four primary causes: neurological conditions, trauma, undertreated clubfoot, or idiopathic with other underlining conditions. [9]Bilateral presentation (i.e., in both feet) often occurs due to a hereditary or congenital source, whereas a unilateral presentation (i.e., in one foot) is often the result of trauma.
In clubfoot, feet are rotated inward and downward. [1] [2] The affected foot and leg may be smaller than the other, while in about half of cases, clubfoot affects both feet. [1] [6] [7] Most of the time clubfoot is not associated with other problems. [1] Clubfoot can be diagnosed by ultrasound of the fetus in more than 60% of cases.
This should also be done if a syndrome is suspected, or if more than two or three generations of the family are affected. [26] As of 2009, 97 genetic syndromes have been associated with different kinds of polydactyly. [26]
The Ponseti method is a manipulative technique that corrects congenital clubfoot without invasive surgery. It was developed by Ignacio V. Ponseti of the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, US, in the 1950s, and was repopularized in 2000 by John Herzenberg in the US and Europe and in Africa by NHS surgeon Steve Mannion.
VFAS is a mechanical device used to correct foot alignment while weight bearing. Clinical measurement of leg length conventionally uses the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the medial malleolus. [11] Projectional radiographic measurements of leg length have two main variants: [12]
In this approach, the foot may be described in three segments: as the hindfoot, midfoot and forefoot. The hindfoot is the most proximal and posterior portion of the foot. [22] Functionally, the structures contained in this region are typically robust, possessing a larger size and girth than the other structures of the foot.
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Historically, an astragalectomy was used in cases of severe ankle trauma and congenial talipes equinovarus (clubfoot). It is no longer a common operation, but is still used in cases of a deformed calcaneus, foot paralysis following poliomyelitis, and rigid clubfoot deformities that are secondary to spina bifida or arthrogryposis (AMC). The ...