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A precancerous condition is a condition, tumor or lesion involving abnormal cells which are associated with an increased risk of developing into cancer. [1] [2] [3] Clinically, precancerous conditions encompass a variety of abnormal tissues with an increased risk of developing into cancer.
Cervical stenosis may be present from birth or may be caused by other factors: Surgical procedures performed on the cervix such as colposcopy, cone biopsy, or a cryosurgery procedure [3] Trauma to the cervix [3] Repeated vaginal infections [3] Atrophy of the cervix after menopause [3] Cervical cancer [1] Radiation [1] Cervical nabothian cysts
There are no specific symptoms of CIN alone. Generally, signs and symptoms of cervical cancer include: [7] abnormal or post-menopausal bleeding; abnormal discharge; changes in bladder or bowel function; pelvic pain on examination; abnormal appearance or palpation of cervix. HPV infection of the vulva and vagina can cause genital warts or be ...
The Papanicolaou test (abbreviated as Pap test, also known as Pap smear (AE), [1] cervical smear (BE), cervical screening (BE), [2] or smear test (BE)) is a method of cervical screening used to detect potentially precancerous and cancerous processes in the cervix (opening of the uterus or womb) or, more rarely, anus (in both men and women). [3]
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is a possible result of the biopsy and represents dysplastic changes that may eventually progress to invasive cancer. [53] Most cases of cervical cancer are detected in this way, without having caused any symptoms. When symptoms occur, they may include vaginal bleeding, discharge, or discomfort. [54]
Gynecologic cancer is a type of cancer that affects the female reproductive system, including ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, vaginal cancer, cervical cancer, and vulvar cancer. Gynecological cancers comprise 10-15% of women's cancers, mainly affecting women past reproductive age but posing threats to fertility for younger patients. [ 1 ]
While cervical insufficiency does mean a higher risk for preterm birth and pregnancy loss, it doesn't mean a woman won't be able to carry a pregnancy to full-term and deliver close to their due date.
Cervical cancer typically develops from precancerous changes called cervical intraepithelial neoplasia over 10 to 20 years. [3] About 90% of cervical cancer cases are squamous cell carcinomas, 10% are adenocarcinoma, and a small number are other types. [4] Diagnosis is typically by cervical screening followed by a biopsy. [2]