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The Cry of Pugad Lawin (Filipino: Sigaw sa Pugad Lawin, Spanish: Grito de Pugad Lawin) was the beginning of the Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire. [1]In late August 1896, members of the Katipunan [a] led by Andrés Bonifacio revolted somewhere around Caloocan, which included parts of the present-day Quezon City.
In the last days of August, the Katipunan members met in Caloocan and decided to start their revolt [9] (the event was later called the "Cry of Balintawak" or "Cry of Pugad Lawin"; the exact location and date are disputed). A day after the Cry, the Supreme Council was reorganized by Bonifacio with the following:
[57] [61] As a precaution, the rebels moved to Bahay Toro [57] or Pugad Lawin [58] on August 23. Agoncillo places the Cry and tearing of certificates at the house of Juan Ramos, which was in Pugad Lawin. [58] Alvarez writes that they met at the house of Melchora Aquino (known as "Tandang Sora", and mother of Juan Ramos) in Bahay Toro on that date.
This event would be later known as the Cry of Pugad Lawin. 1896 24 ... 1 November 1897 – The Constitution of Biak-na-Bato is signed. References
The Filipino negotiators for the Pact of Biak-na-Bato. Seated from left to right: Pedro Paterno and Emilio Aguinaldo with five companions The Pact of Biak-na-Bato, signed on December 14, 1897, [3] [4] created a truce between Spanish colonial Governor-General Fernando Primo de Rivera and the revolutionary leader Emilio Aguinaldo to end the Philippine Revolution.
The constitution of the Republic of Biak-na-Bato was written by Felix Ferrer and Isabelo Artacho, who copied the Cuban Constitution of Jimaguayú nearly word-for-word. [3] [4] It provided for the creation of a Supreme Council, which was created on November 1, 1897, with the following officers having been elected: [5] [1]
The holiday traces its roots to the Cry of Pugad Lawin in August 1896, which marked the beginning of the Philippine Revolution. [3] The date and the location of the cry have been long disputed. From 1911 to 1962, the cry was thought to have emanated from Balintawak (now in modern-day Balingasa, Quezon City) on August 26. [4]
The constitution written by the Malolos Congress was proclaimed on January 22, 1899, creating what is known today as the First Philippine Republic, with Aguinaldo as its president. [27] [22] The constitution was approved by delegates to the Malolos Congress on January 20, 1899, and sanctioned by Aguinaldo the next day. [27]