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Leishmaniasis is a wide array of clinical manifestations caused by protozoal parasites of the Trypanosomatida genus Leishmania. [7] It is generally spread through the bite of phlebotomine sandflies, Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia, and occurs most frequently in the tropics and sub-tropics of Africa, Asia, the Americas, and southern Europe.
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar (Hindi: kālā āzār, "black sickness") [2] or "black fever", is the most severe form of leishmaniasis and, without proper diagnosis and treatment, is associated with high fatality. [3] Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania.
The former is commonly found in East Africa and the Indian subcontinent, while the latter is found in Europe, North Africa, and Latin America. The split is done in 2007, and references to L. donovani often still refer to the entire complex (sensu lato). [1] As of 2022, the parasite causes 50,000 to 90,000 infections worldwide. [9]
The name, pappataci fever, comes from the Italian word for sandfly; it is the union of the words pappa (usually this is used as a generic name for food, but in this case it is a verb meaning "eating") and taci (silent), distinguishing these insects from blood-feeding mosquitoes, which produce a typical noise while flying.
Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine is an American textbook of internal medicine. [1] First published in 1950, it is in its 21st edition (published in 2022 by McGraw-Hill Professional ISBN 978-1264268504 ) and comes in two volumes.
c) Remittent fever d) Intermittent fever e) Undulant fever f) Relapsing fever. Intermittent fever is a type or pattern of fever in which there is an interval where temperature is elevated for several hours followed by an interval when temperature drops back to normal. [1] This type of fever usually occurs during the course of an infectious ...
Pontiac fever is known to have a short incubation period of 1 to 3 days. No fatalities have been reported and cases resolve spontaneously without treatment. [8] It is often not reported. [9] Age, gender, and smoking do not seem to be risk factors. Pontiac fever seems to affect young people in the age medians of 29 to 32.
Postoperative fever refers to an elevated body temperature (≥ 38.5 °C) occurring after a recent surgical procedure. Diagnosing the cause of postoperative fever can sometimes be challenging; while fever in this context may be benign, self-limited, or unrelated to the surgical procedure, it can also be indicative of a surgical complication, such as infection.